The Montana State Legislature is made up of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Constitution of Montana limits the size of the Senate to no fewer than 40 and no more than 50 members and the size of the House of Representatives to no fewer than 80 and no more than 100 members. Each house is responsible for choosing its officers, creating committees and establishing its own rules. The Montana Legislature meets for 90 days every odd numbered year, beginning the first Monday in January, or the following Wednesday if the first Monday is New Years Day. The first State Legislature convened on November 23, 1889, fifteen days after Montana became a state. Each following Legislature has been numbered sequentially.

The 64th Montana Legislature met from January 5th to April 28th, 2015. There were 16 standing committees in the Senate and 17 standing committees in the House, as designated by the 2015 Rules. The leaders of the Senate were Debby Barrett (R-President), Frederick (Eric) Moore (R-President Pro Tempore), Matthew Rosendale (R-Majority Leader), Ed Buttrey and Cary Smith (R-Majority Whips), Jon Sesso (D-Minority Leader) and Robyn Driscoll and Tom Facey (D-Minority Whips). The leaders of the House were Austin Knudsen (R-Speaker), Lee Randall (R-Speaker Pro Tempore), Keith Regier (R-Majority Leader), Jerry Bennett, Alan Doane, Greg Hertz, and Sarah Laszloffy (R-Majority Whips), Chuck Hunter (D-Minority Leader), Carolyn Pease-Lopez (D-Minority Caucus Chair), and Bryce Bennett, Margie MacDonald, and Jenny Eck (D-Minority Whips). The transmittal dates were February 27th, March 23 and 31st, and April 11th, 20th and 25th.

Sources: Rules of the Montana Legislature: Adopted January 2015, http://www.leg.mt.gov/content/Sessions/64th/2015-Rules/2015-Rules.pdf; The Constitution of the State of Montana as adopted by the Constitutional Convention March 22, 1972, and as ratified by the people, June 6, 1972, referendum no. 68, http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca_toc/Constitution.htm; "Organization of the Montana Legislature," The Montana Legislature, http://www.leg.mt.gov/css/About-the-Legislature/organization.asp; "2015 Regular Session," The Montana Legislature, http://www.leg.mt.gov/css/Sessions/64th/default.asp