The Montana State Legislature is made up of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Constitution of Montana limits the size of the Senate to no fewer than 40 and no more than 50 members and the size of the House of Representatives to no fewer than 80 and no more than 100 members. Each house is responsible for choosing its officers, creating committees, and establishing its rules. The Montana Legislature meets for 90 days every odd-numbered year, beginning the first Monday in January, or the following Wednesday if the first Monday is New Year's Day. The first State Legislature convened on November 23, 1889, 15 days after Montana became a state. Each following legislative session has been numbered sequentially.

The 68th Montana Legislature met from January 2nd to May 5th, 2023. There were 16 standing committees in the House and 17 standing committees in the Senate. The Senate leadership was Jason Ellsworth (R-President of the Senate), Steve Fitzpatrick (R-Majority Leader), Pat Flowers (D-Minority Leader), and Kenneth Bogner (R-President Pro Tempore). The leaders of the House were Matt Regier (R-Speaker of the House), Sue Vinton (R-Majority Leader), Kim Abbot (D-Minority Leader), and Rhonda Knudsen (R-Speaker Pro Tempore). The transmittal dates were March 3rd, March 25th, April 4th, April 18th, April 26th, 27th, and 28th.

Sources: Montana State Legislature Session Information ; The Constitution of the State of Montana ; and A Guide to the Montana Legislature.